Highly Developed, Semi-developed and Underdeveloped Economics
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While our present interest is not in the highly developed economies and to a relatively limited extent only in the semi-developed, it is desirable to compare these with the economy of our special concern, the underdeveloped countries. Because of the wide range of criteria of importance in describing the various types of economy the details are summarized in Appendix I. As our emphasis is largely upon the underdeveloped economies in the tropics and hotter subtropics let it be said that these are characterized by a low per capita income (very largely under 100 U.S. dollars per annum, but in some in-stances below 100-200 and 200-300); by a relatively low intake perdiem of calories (below 2500) and of nutritionally satisfactory food; by a high proportion of the population engaged in agriculture and related activities—at a relatively low standard of individual productivity; and by health, living and educational standards of a relatively low order. It must be remembered, however, that the criterion of income per capita in itself is open to critism, because this often does not assess the value of subsistence, so difficult to define, not sundry transactions of exchange and barter. But when taken together with the other lacks and deficiencies, these criteria certainly qualify the underdeveloped countries for the description: the ‘have nots’ of the earth (American Geographical Society, 1959).
As the term underdeveloped is considered not to be in the best taste by some today, the alternative underprivileged has been sugested as an alternative. As some parts or aspects of some highly developed and many semi-developed countries are not only underdeveloped but also underveloped, this shyness in facing the facts of economics is not commendable. Developing might be more acceptable.
While our present interest is not in the highly developed economies and to a relatively limited extent only in the semi-developed, it is desirable to compare these with the economy of our special concern, the underdeveloped countries. Because of the wide range of criteria of importance in describing the various types of economy the details are summarized in Appendix I. As our emphasis is largely upon the underdeveloped economies in the tropics and hotter subtropics let it be said that these are characterized by a low per capita income (very largely under 100 U.S. dollars per annum, but in some in-stances below 100-200 and 200-300); by a relatively low intake perdiem of calories (below 2500) and of nutritionally satisfactory food; by a high proportion of the population engaged in agriculture and related activities—at a relatively low standard of individual productivity; and by health, living and educational standards of a relatively low order. It must be remembered, however, that the criterion of income per capita in itself is open to critism, because this often does not assess the value of subsistence, so difficult to define, not sundry transactions of exchange and barter. But when taken together with the other lacks and deficiencies, these criteria certainly qualify the underdeveloped countries for the description: the ‘have nots’ of the earth (American Geographical Society, 1959).
As the term underdeveloped is considered not to be in the best taste by some today, the alternative underprivileged has been sugested as an alternative. As some parts or aspects of some highly developed and many semi-developed countries are not only underdeveloped but also underveloped, this shyness in facing the facts of economics is not commendable. Developing might be more acceptable.
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